Izimbangela Zokuhluleka Kwe-Packer Seal

1. Izinqubo zokufaka

• Ukulimala kwesitoreji: ukuguga (ukushisa, ukukhanya kwelanga noma imisebe); ukuhlanekezela (ukusekela okungalungile, imithwalo esindayo).
• Ukulimala kwefriction: ukuginqika okungeyona into efanayo noma ukusonteka, noma ukuhuzuka ngokuslayida okungagcotshisiwe.
• Ukusika ngamaphethelo acijile: I-taper enganele emakhoneni, imiphetho ecijile emachwebeni, ama-seal grooves njll.
• Ukuntuleka kokugcotshwa.
• Ukuba khona kokungcola.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okufaka angalungile.

2. Izici zokusebenza

• Incazelo yomsebenzi enganele: Ukwakheka koketshezi, izimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile noma izimo zesikhashana.
• Ukucwecwa kwesici ngenxa yokugingqika kwendawo njengoba ingcindezi ishintsha.
• Ukukhishwa ngenxa yokwandiswa kophawu (ukuvuvukala, ukushisa, ukuwohloka kokuqhuma) noma ngenxa yokucindezelwa.
• Izikhathi zokuwohloka ezimfushane kakhulu eziholela ekuqhumeni.
• Ukuguga nokuklebhuka ngenxa yokungagcwalisi okwanele.
• Gqoka umonakalo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwengcindezi.

3. Impilo yesevisi

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, impilo yesevisi ye-polymeric seal inqunyelwe ukuguga nokugqoka. Izinga lokushisa, izingcindezi zokusebenza, inani lemijikelezo (ukujikeleza, ukushelela, ukucindezeleka komshini) kanye nendawo ezungezile kunomthelela empilweni yonke yesevisi. Ukuguga kungaba yinto engokomzimba njengokuguga okuhlala njalo, noma kungaba ngenxa yokusabela ngamakhemikhali endaweni. Ukugqokwa kungase kubangelwe ukuhlikihlwa kwesivalo kwenye indawo ezindaweni ezisetshenziswayo eziguquguqukayo, noma ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi enamandla ekusetshenzisweni okumile. Ukumelana nokugqoka kuyanda ngokuvamile ngokuqina okwandayo kwempahla yophawu. Ukugqwala kwezingxenye zensimbi kanye nokuntuleka kokugcotshwa kwendawo kwandisa izinga lokuguga.

4. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi neliphezulu

Amandla okuvala ama-elastomer ehla kakhulu uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kunamazinga okushisa anconyiwe, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukunwebeka. Izakhiwo zokushisa eziphansi zingadlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokukhetha izigxivizo ze-elastomeric ezifakwe ngaphansi kolwandle olwandle olubandayo. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuguga kuyashesha. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lama-elastomer liyahlukahluka phakathi kuka-100 no-300°C. Ama-elastomer angasetshenziswa cishe ku-300°C avame ukuba namandla aphansi kanye nokungagugi kahle. Ekwakhiweni kophawu, igumbi kufanele ligcinwe ukuze kuvunyelwe ukunwetshwa kwe-elastomer ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lokushisa (ukunwetshwa okushisayo kwezinto zokuvala uphawu cishe ku-oda elilodwa lobukhulu kunelensimbi).

5. Ingcindezi

Ukucindezela okwenziwa uphawu kungabangela ukuguquguquka unomphela kophawu (isethi yokucindezela).Isethi yokucindezela kufanele ibe nomkhawulo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvuza kwamahhala. Enye inkinga engavela lapho kunengcindezi ephezulu, ukuvuvukala (10-50%) wevolumu ye-elastomer ngokumuncwa uketshezi lomthombo oluvela endaweni ezungezile. Ukuvuvukala okulinganiselwe kuyamukeleka uma idizayini ye-seal ikuvumele.

6. Ukwehluka kwengcindezi

I-elastomer kufanele ibe nokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-extrusion uma kunomehluko omkhulu wengcindezi phezu kophawu. I-Extrusion iyimbangela evame kakhulu yokwehluleka kuma-high pressure seals emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ukumelana ne-extrusion yophawu kungase kukhuliswe ngokukhulisa ubulukhuni balo. Ama-seal aqinile adinga ukuphazamiseka okuphezulu namandla okuhlanganisa ukuze avale kahle. Igebe elivalekile kufanele lenziwe libe lincane ngangokunokwenzeka elidinga ukubekezelelana okuncane ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

7. Imijikelezo yokucindezela

Imijikelezo yokucindezela ingaholela ekulimazeni kwe-elastomer ngokuwohloka kokuqhuma. Ubukhulu bomonakalo we-elastomer buzoncika ekubunjweni kwamagesi akhona kumpahla yophawu nokuthi ingcindezi ishintsha ngokushesha kangakanani. Izinto ze-elastomeric ezilinganayo (isb. i-Viton) zimelana kakhulu nokuwohloka kokuqhuma kunama-elastomers (afana ne-Kalrez ne-Aflas) avame ukuqukatha izimbotshana eziningi ezincane. Ukuwohloka kwenzeka kakhulu ekuphakanyisweni kwegesi. Uma imijikelezo yokucindezela kwenzeka, i-tight seal gland iyathandeka ngoba ikhawulela ukwehla kwamandla emali ngesikhathi sokuwohloka. Le mfuneko ingqubuzana nesidingo sokuba nendawo yokwandisa ukushisa nokuvuvukala kophawu. Ezinhlelweni eziguquguqukayo indlala evalekayo eqinile ingase ibangele ukuguga noma ukubopha i-elastomer.

8. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamandla

Ezinhlelweni eziguquguqukayo ukungqubuzana kophawu neshafi ejikelezayo noma ephindaphindayo (eshelelayo) kungabangela ukuguga noma ukukhishwa kwe-elastomer. Nge-shaft eshelelayo, ukugoqa uphawu nakho kungenzeka, okungaholela ekulimaleni kalula. Isimo esinzima siyinhlanganisela yezingcindezi eziphezulu kanye nesicelo esiguquguqukayo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana ne-extrusion yophawu ubulukhuni bayo buvame ukwanda. Ukuqina okuphezulu kusho nokuthi ukuphazamiseka okuphezulu namandla okuhlangana ayadingeka okuholela kumandla amakhulu okungqubuzana. Ezisetshenziswa eziguquguqukayo ukuvuvukala kophawu kufanele kukhawulelwe ku-10-20%, njengoba ukuvuvukala kuzophumela ekwandeni kwamandla okungqubuzana nokuguga kwe-elastomer. Impahla ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo iwukuqina okuphezulu, okungukuthi ikhono lokuhlala uxhumene nendawo ehambayo.

9. Seal isihlalo design

Umklamo wophawu kufanele uvumele (10-60%) ukuvuvukala kwe-elastomer kuwoyela negesi. Uma kungekho gumbi elanele i-extrusion ye-seal izokwenzeka. Enye ipharamitha ebalulekile ubukhulu begebe le-extrusion. Ezingcindezini eziphezulu kuphela izikhala ezincane kakhulu ze-extrusion ezivunyelwe okuholela esidingweni sokubekezelelana okuqinile. Ezimweni eziningi izindandatho ze-anti-extrusion zingasetshenziswa. Ukuklanywa kwesihlalo kufanele futhi kucabangele izidingo zokufaka uphawu. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa i-elastic elongation (ukwelula) akufanele ibangele ukuguquguquka unomphela futhi i-elastomer akufanele yonakaliswe amakhona acijile. Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuthi imiklamo ye-gland-seal iphephile ngokwemvelo, njengoba uphawu alunwetshwanga ngesikhathi sokufakwa, okuyinto eyenzeka kumklamo we-piston seal. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imiklamo ye-gland seal inzima kakhulu ukwenza futhi kunzima ukuyifinyelela ukuze ihlanzwe futhi ifakwe esikhundleni se-seal.

10. Ukuhambisana nama-hydrocarbons, i-CO2 ne-H2S

Ukungena kwama-hydrocarbon, i-CO2 ne-H2S ku-elastomer kubangela ukuvuvukala. Ukuvuvukala ngama-hydrocarbons kukhuphuka ngomfutho, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuqukethwe okunuka kamnandi. Ukwenyuka kwevolumu okubuyisela emuva kuhambisana nokuthambisa kancane kancane kwezinto. Ukuvuvukala ngamagesi afana ne-H2S, i-CO2 ne-O2 kukhuphuka ngomfutho futhi kuncipha kancane ngezinga lokushisa. Ukushintsha kwengcindezi ngemva kokuvuvukala kwesigxivizo kungaholela ekulimaleni kokunciphisa uphawu. I-H2S iphendulana nama-polymer athile, okuholela ekuxhumekeni futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuqina okungenakuhlehliswa kwento yophawu. Ukuwohloka kwama-elastomer ekuhlolweni kwe-seal (futhi ngokunokwenzeka futhi asensimini) ngokuvamile kuncane kunokuhlolwa kokucwiliswa, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuvikelwa okunikezwa imbobo yophawu ekuhlaselweni kwamakhemikhali.

11. Ukuhambisana namakhemikhali okwelapha kahle kanye nama-corrosion inhibitors

Ama-Corrosion inhibitors (aqukethe ama-amine) nokwelapha uketshezi oluqeda amandla anolaka kakhulu kuma-elastomer. Ngenxa yokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-corrosion inhibitors kanye namakhemikhali okwelapha kahle kuyalulekwa ukuthi kunqunywe ukumelana kwe-elastomer ngokuhlolwa.

I-Vigor inesipiliyoni seminyaka eminingi yemboni ekukhiqizeni nasekukhiqizeni amathuluzi okuqedela, wonke aklanywe, akhiqizwa futhi adayiswa ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ze-API 11 D1. Njengamanje, amapaki akhiqizwe yi-Vigor asetshenziswe emasimini amakhulu kawoyela emhlabeni jikelele, futhi impendulo evela kumakhasimende esizeni ibe yinhle kakhulu, futhi wonke amakhasimende azimisele ukufinyelela ukubambisana okwengeziwe nathi. Uma unentshisekelo kumaphakethe we-Vigor noma amanye amathuluzi okumba nokuqedela ukugawula embonini kawoyela negesi, sicela ungangabazi ukuthintana nethimba lezobuchwepheshe elichwepheshile le-Vigor ukuze uthole ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe obuchwepheshile kanye nemikhiqizo yekhwalithi engcono kakhulu.