Ulwahlulo lweZiqhoboshi zokuTyala eziMilo

Itekhnoloji ye ukugqobhoza okumileyaqala ngo-1946-1948 kwaye yavela kwizixhobo zokulwa. Itekhnoloji yokugqobhoza kwentlawulo okumilisekileyo ibhekiselele kwindibaniselwano yentlawulo emilisekileyo kunye namanye amacandelo ukugqobhoza ukubunjwa. Iyunithi ephambili yale teknoloji yintlawulo emile. Umrhumo omileyo uqulathe iinxalenye ezintathu ezisisiseko: iqokobhe, isiqhushumbisi kunye nelinen. Kukho iindidi ezintlanu zeziqhushumbisi ezisetyenziswa kwintlawulo yokugqobhoza, njenge-RDX (RDX), i-HMX (i-Octogen), i-HNS (i-hexanitrodi), i-pyx (i-piwick), i-Acot (i-tacot). Intlawulo eyimilo igqitywe yimpembelelo yentlawulo emile. Umphumo wokuqokelela amandla kukuphucula umphumo wentlawulo ekutshatyalalisweni kwendawo yendawo ephakathi phambi komgodi ngokusebenzisa i-cone okanye imingxuma ye-parabolic ekupheleni kwentlawulo.

1. Isiqhumiso sentlawulo esimilisekileyo

I-perforator yentlawulo emile luhlobo lwe-perforator esebenzisa ijethi yentlawulo emile kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu esiveliswa yimpembelelo yentlawulo emisekileyo yokuqhunyiswa kwe-explosive ukugqiba umsebenzi wokubhoboza. Ngokwesakhiwo sayo, inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-perforator enomzimba wompu kunye ne-perforator ngaphandle komzimba wemipu.

(1) Isigqobho esimile esinomzimba yindibano yokugqobhoza eyenziwe ngombhobho omileyo, umbhobho wentsimbi otywiniweyo (umpu ogqobhozayo), isakhelo sembumbulu, iindawo zokusasaza (okanye izixhobo) nezinye iindawo.

(2) I-perforator ngaphandle komzimba wesibhamu yenziwe ngompu we-perforator ngaphandle komzimba, isakhelo sembumbulu (okanye umbhobho wensimbi ongatywinwanga), iindawo zokuhanjiswa kwe-detonation (okanye izixhobo), njl.

Ukusebenza kwe-perforator yentlawulo emisekileyo ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nomphumo we-perforating kunye neempembelelo kunye nomonakalo kwimeko ye-downhole emva kokubhoboza. Ngoko ke, i-perforator ivandlakanywa ngokusebenza kokungena (kubandakanya ubunzulu bokungena kunye nobubanzi bomngxuma), i-perforator deformation (ukwandiswa kwedayamitha yangaphandle, ukuqhekeka, njl.), Umonakalo we-casing (ukwandiswa kwedayimitha yangaphandle, ukuphakama kwe-burr yangaphakathi, ukuqhekeka).

2. Ukuhlelwa kwee-perforators zentlawulo ezimile ngaphandle komzimba

(1) Iimpawu eziphambili zohlobo lwesakhelo socingo lwentsimbi yeeperforators ezibunjiweyo zentlawulo

Isakhelo sasentlakohlaza ziingcingo zentsimbi ezimbini ezityebileyo ezithe tye okanye iingcingo zentsimbi ezenziweyo, 0 ° okanye 180 °. Olu hlobo lweperforator emiliselweyo ehlawuliweyo lunokusetyenziswa kumngxuma ovulekileyo okanye ngokugqobhoza kwetyhubhu, kwaye lufaneleke ngakumbi ukugqobhoza umaleko obhityileyo.

(2) Iimpawu eziphambili zeplati yensimbi yohlobo lwe-perforators yentlawulo emile

Iimpawu eziphambili: Isakhelo sentwasahlobo senziwe kwiphepha lentsimbi. Ifanelekile kwi-0 degree, i-90 degrees kunye ne-180 degrees okanye i-perforation yesigaba.

(3) Iimpawu eziphambili zohlobo oludityanisiweyo lweziqhubi zentlawulo ezibunjiweyo

Iimpawu eziphambili: Iintlawulo zokugqobhoza zenziwe ngeqokobhe le-aluminium alloy. Iziphelo ezingaphezulu nezisezantsi zeqokobhe zenza amalungu angamadoda nabasetyhini ngokulandelelana, ukuze enze umtya weentlawulo emva kokumisa uxhulumaniso lwechungechunge. Iintlawulo zokugqobhoza zenza i-perforator kunye nentloko kunye nomsila. Isixhobo sokulinganisa siya kudibaniswa kwindawo ephezulu yompu xa uqhuba emthonjeni, ngaphandle koko akunakwenzeka ukuba uqhube emthonjeni. Olu hlobo lwesigqobho lunamandla asezantsi kwaye luyakwenza amaqhekeza amakhulu nangaphezulu emva kokugqobhoza. Yeyona "intshabalalo iyonke" i-perforator, kwaye umonakalo wayo kwi-casing imbi kakhulu kunezinye iintlobo. Kukho utshintsho oluninzi kwi-perforation phase density, enokukhethwa.

Imipu egqobhoza ngamandla iyilwe ukuhlangabezana neyona migangatho iphezulu yoshishino ngoyilo olungqongqo, ukuvelisa, uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo zokuhlola. Sinqwenela ukusebenzisana nawe ukuqhubela phambili ishishini leoli negesi. Ngomgangatho ophezulu wemipu yokugqobhoza, ukugrumba, kunye nokugqibezela izixhobo zokugawulwa kwemithi, nceda ufikelele kuthi ngenkxaso ekhethekileyo yemveliso kunye nenkonzo eyenzelwe wena.

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