I-Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion kwi-Oli kunye neGas Industries

Imibhobho idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwicandelo le-oyile negesi ngokuququzelela ukuthuthwa kweemveliso kwiindawo zonyango, iindawo zokugcina, kunye nezakhiwo zokucoca. Njengoko le mibhobho ithutha izinto ezixabisekileyo neziyingozi, nakuphi na ukusilela okunokubakho kuneziphumo ezibalulekileyo zezemali nezokusingqongileyo, kubandakanywa umngcipheko welahleko eyintlekele yoqoqosho kunye nezoyikiso kubomi bomntu. Ukungaphumeleli kunokuvela kwizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukubola (ngaphandle, kwangaphakathi, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengcinezelo), imiba yomatshini (njengezinto eziphathekayo, ukuyila, kunye neempazamo zokwakha), imisebenzi yomntu wesithathu (ngengozi okanye ngenjongo), iingxaki zokusebenza (ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukungaphumeleli, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukungaphumeleli); ukuphazamiseka kweenkqubo zokukhusela, okanye iimpazamo zabasebenzisi), kunye neziganeko zendalo (ezifana nokubetha kwemibane, izikhukhula, okanye ukutshintshwa komhlaba).

Ukusasazwa kokusilela kwiminyaka eyi-15 (1990–2005) kubonisiwe. Umhlwa ngowona mba uphambili unegalelo, ubalelwa kuma-46.6% okusilela kwimibhobho yerhasi yendalo kunye nama-70.7% kwimibhobho ye-oyile ekrwada. Uphononongo lweendleko zokonakala olwenziwe liqumrhu le-oyile negesi elaziwayo lubonise ukuba kunyaka-mali ka-2003, inkcitho yokonakala ifikelele malunga ne-USD 900 yezigidi. Iindleko zehlabathi zibalelwa kukonakala kwicandelo le-oyile nerhasi malunga ne-USD 60 yeebhiliyoni. EUnited States kuphela, iindleko ezibhaliweyo ezinxulumene nomhlwa kumashishini anjalo zifikelela kwi-USD 1,372 yebhiliyoni. Ngaphaya koko, kuqwalaselwe ukukhula kwemfuno yamandla afumaneka kwi-oyile negesi kunye neenkxalabo ezinxulumene noko, iindleko zokuthotywa kwehlabathi kushishino kulindeleke ukuba ziqhubeke nokunyuka. Ke ngoko, kukho imfuneko ebalulekileyo yovavanyo lomngcipheko olusebenzayo olulungelelanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nokhuseleko.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwemibhobho kubaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi ekhuselekileyo, ukulondolozwa kwendalo, kunye nokusebenza kweeasethi ezinkulu zemveliso. Ukonakala kubangela ingozi enkulu, ngaphandle nangaphakathi. I-corrosion yangaphandle ingabangela izinto ezifana ne-oxygen kunye ne-chloride kwindawo yangaphandle [6]. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-corrosion yangaphakathi inokuvela kwizinto ezifana ne-hydrogen sulfide (H2S), i-carbon dioxide (CO2), kunye ne-organic acids ekhoyo kwimveliso yamanzi. Ukonakala kwemibhobho engalawulwayo nokungalawulwayo kunokukhokelela ekuvuzeni kunye nokusilela okuyintlekele. Umhlwa wangaphakathi ube yinkxalabo enkulu, ebandakanya malunga ne-57.4% kunye ne-24.8% yokusilela kumhlwa kwimibhobho yeoli ekrwada neyegesi yendalo, ngokulandelelanayo . Ukujongana nokonakala kwangaphakathi kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe imfezeko yeshishini kunye nokhuseleko.

Kwicandelo le-oyile kunye negesi, i-corrosion ihlelwe kwiindidi ezimbini eziphambili: i-sweet and sour corrosion, ixhaphake kwiindawo ezibonakaliswe ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-H2S kunye ne-CO2 (PH2S kunye ne-PCO2). Ezi ndlela zikhethekileyo zomhlwa zimele imingeni ebalulekileyo kushishino. I-Corrosion iphinda ihlelwe kwiinkqubo ezintathu ngokusekelwe kumlinganiselo we-PCO2 ukuya kwi-PH2S: i-corrosion e-sweet (PCO2/PH2S> 500), i-sweet-sour corrosion (PCO2/PH2S esukela kwi-20 ukuya kwi-500), kunye ne-corrosion emuncu (PCO2/PH2S

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela i-corrosion ziquka i-PH2S kunye ne-PCO2 amanqanaba, kunye nokushisa kunye nexabiso le-pH. Ezi ziguquko zichaphazela kakhulu ukuchithwa kweegesi ezidliwayo, ngaloo ndlela zichaphazela izinga kunye nendlela yokwenziwa kwemveliso ye-corrosion kwindawo e-sweet and sour. Amaqondo obushushu akhawulezisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali kwaye anyuse ukunyibilika kwerhasi, oko kuchaphazela izinga lokutya. Amanqanaba e-pH amisela ubumuncu bokusingqongileyo okanye i-alkalinity, kunye ne-pH ephantsi ekhawulezisa ukuthotywa kunye ne-pH ephezulu enokuthi ibangele iindlela zokuhlwa kwendawo. Iigesi ze-CO2 kunye ne-H2S ezinyibilikisiweyo zivelisa ii-asidi ezidliwayo emanzini, zisabela ngemigangatho yesinyithi ukuze zenze iikhompawundi zokukhusela ezingaphantsi, ngaloo ndlela zikhawuleza ukubola. Umhlwa oswiti ubandakanya ukwenziwa kweekhabhonathi zetsimbi (MeCO3), ngelixa i-corrosion emuncu ibandakanya ukubunjwa kwe-metal sulfide.

Kwicandelo le-oyile negesi, ukusilela kwemathiriyeli okubangelwa kukudleka kuzo zombini iindawo ezimuncu kunye neswiti kubangela imingeni eyahlukeneyo yokhuseleko, yezoqoqosho, kunye nokusingqongileyo. Umzobo wesi-2 ubonisa igalelo elinxulumeneyo leendlela ezahlukeneyo zokungaphumeleli kokubola kwiminyaka yoo-1970. I-Sour corrosion eyenziwa yi-H2S ichongiwe njengoyena nobangela wokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-corrosion kolu shishino, kunye nokuxhaphaka kwayo kukhula ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukujongana nokukhula okumuncu kunye nokusungula amanyathelo othintelo kubalulekile ekulawuleni umngcipheko onxulumeneyo kumashishini epetroleum.

Ukulawula kunye nokucubungula izinto eziqulethe i-H2S kubangela imingeni ebalulekileyo kwicandelo leoli kunye negesi. Ukuqonda ubucukubhede be-H2S corrosion kubalulekile, njengoko ibeka isoyikiso esikhulu kwizixhobo kunye neziseko zophuhliso, iphakamisa umngcipheko wokusilela kwesakhiwo kunye neengozi ezinokubakho. Olu hlobo lomhlwa ngokucacileyo luyabunciphisa ubomi besixhobo, nto leyo efuna ukugcinwa okuxabisa imali eninzi okanye umzamo wokutshintsha. Ngaphezu koko, ithintela ukusebenza kakuhle, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni imveliso kunye nokuphakama kwamanqanaba okusebenzisa amandla.

Ukuqonda kunye nokujongana nemiceli mngeni ebangelwa kukonakala kwe-H2S kumashishini anjalo kuvelisa iinzuzo ezibonakalayo. Amanyathelo okhuseleko aqiniswa ngokuthintela ukuphazamiseka kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo, kwaye amathuba okuba neengozi kunye nemiphumo yokusingqongileyo iyancitshiswa. Esi sicwangciso-qhinga sikwalandisa ixesha lokuphila kwezixhobo, sinciphisa imfuno yokutshintshwa kweendleko kunye nokunciphisa ixesha elifunekayo lokulungiswa. Ukongeza, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngokuqinisekisa iinkqubo ezisebenzayo nezingatshintshiyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokomeleza ukuthembeka kokuhamba.

Ukuphonononga iindawo zophando oluthe kratya, kubandakanywa itekhnoloji yokugquma, izixhobo ezitsha, iinkqubo ze-electrochemical, kunye nobuchwepheshe obuvelayo, kubalulekile. Ukuphuhliswa kweendlela ezintsha, ezifana neenkqubo zokubeka iliso eziqhubekayo kunye nemodeli eqikelelwayo, kubonisa ukubanakho ukunyusa amanyathelo okhuseleko. Ukusebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obukwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye nohlalutyo oluphambili kulawulo, uqikelelo, kunye nokulawula ukonakala ngummandla osakhulayo ofanele ukuphononongwa ngakumbi.

Isebe leR&D leVigor liphuhlise ngempumelelo iplagi yebhulorho edibeneyo (fiberglass) ekwaziyo ukumelana nehydrogen sulfide. Ibonise ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kuzo zombini iimvavanyo zelebhu kunye novavanyo lwentsimi yabathengi. Iqela lethu lobugcisa lixhotyiswe ngokupheleleyo ukwenza ngokwezifiso kunye nokuvelisa ezi plugs ngokweemfuno zesayithi ezithile. Ngemibuzo malunga nezisombululo zeplagi yebhulorho yeVigor, qhagamshelana neqela lethu malunga neemveliso ezilungiselelweyo kunye nomgangatho wenkonzo ekhethekileyo.

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, ungabhalela kwibhokisi yethu yeposiinfo@vigorpetroleum.com&marketing@vigordrilling.com