Iintlobo zeSixhobo soHlolo lweGyro kwiMithombo yeoli kunye neGesi

Gyro eqhelekileyo

I-gyro eqhelekileyo okanye i-gyro yasimahla ikhona ukusukela ngoo-1930. Ifumana i-azimuth yequla elivela kwi-gyro ejikelezayo. Imisela kuphela isalathiso somthombo kwaye ayinqumi ukuthambekela. I-angle yokuthambekela idla ngokufunyanwa nge-accelerometers. Ifilimu esekelwe kwifilimu, i-single-shot gyro isebenzisa i-pendulum emisiwe ngaphezu kwekhadi lekhampasi (eqhotyoshelwe kwi-gimbal axis yangaphandle) ukufumana ukuthambekela. I-gyro eqhelekileyo inobunzima bokujikeleza budla ngokujika ku-20,000 ukuya kwi-40,000 rpm (ezinye zijika ngokukhawuleza). I-gyro iya kuhlala ilungisiwe ukuba akukho mandla angaphandle asebenza kuyo kwaye ubunzima buxhaswa kwiziko elichanekileyo lobunzima. Ngelishwa, akunakwenzeka ukugcina ubunzima kwindawo yayo echanekileyo yomxhuzulane, kwaye amandla angaphandle asebenza kwi-gyro. Ke ngoko, i-gyro iya kukhukuliseka ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ngokwethiyori, ukuba i-gyro iqala ukujikeleza kwaye ikhombe kwicala elithile, akufuneki itshintshe kakhulu indlela ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngoko ke, iqhutywe emngxunyeni, kwaye nangona ityala lijika, i-gyro ikhululekile ukuhamba, kwaye ihlala ikhomba kwicala elifanayo. Ekubeni isalathiso apho i-gyro ikhomba khona, isalathiso se-wellbore sinokumiselwa ngumahluko phakathi kokuqhelaniswa ne-gyro kunye nokuqhelaniswa kwecala eliqukethe i-gyro. I-orientation ye-spin axis kufuneka yaziwe phambi kokuba i-gyro iqhutywe emngxunyeni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kubhekiswa kwi-gyro. Ukuba i-gyro ayibhekiselwanga ngokuchanekileyo, uphando luphela luvaliwe, ngoko ke isixhobo kufuneka sichazwe ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba siqhutywe emngxunyeni wemithombo yeoli kunye negesi.

Iingxaki

Enye into engalunganga ye-gyro eqhelekileyo kukuba iya kuhamba ngexesha, ibangele iimpazamo kwi-azimuth elinganisiweyo. I-gyro iya kukhukuliseka ngenxa yokothuka kwenkqubo, ukuguga, kunye nokujikeleza koMhlaba. I-gyro nayo inokukhukuliseka ngenxa yokungafezeki kwi-gyro. Iziphene zingaphuhliswa ngexesha lokwenziwa okanye ukwenziwa kwe-gyro, njengoko iziko elichanekileyo lobunzima lingekho embindini we-spin axis. I-drift incinci kwiI-ikhweyitha yomhlaba kwaye phezulu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezikufutshane neepali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-gyros eqhelekileyo ayisetyenziswanga kwi-latitudes okanye ukuthambekela ngaphezu kwe-70 °. Umyinge oqhelekileyo wokukhukuliseka kwi-gyro yesintu yi-0.5° ngomzuzu. I-drift ebonakalayo ebangelwa ukujikeleza koMhlaba kulungiswa ngokufaka amandla akhethekileyo kwindandatho yangaphakathi yegimbal. Amandla asetyenziswayo axhomekeke kwisibanzi apho i-gyro iza kusetyenziswa khona.

Ngenxa yezi zizathu, zonke ii-gyros eziqhelekileyo ziya kukhukuliseka ngezixa ezithile. I-drift ijongwa nanini na xa kuqhutywa i-gyro yemveli, kwaye uphando lulungiselelwa loo drift. Ukuba ireferensi okanye i-drift ayihlawulwanga ngokwaneleyo, idatha yesaveyi eqokelelweyo ayichanekanga.

Ireyithi yokuHlanganisa okanye iGyro efunwa ngaMantla

Umlinganiselo okanye i-gyro efuna enyakatho yaphuhliswa ukukhusela ukusilela kwe-gyro eqhelekileyo. Umlinganiselo we-gyro kunye ne-gyro efuna emantla zizinto ezifanayo. Yi-gyro eneqondo elinye kuphela lenkululeko. Izinga lokudibanisa i-gyro lisetyenziselwa ukumisela uMntla wokwenyani. I-gyro isombulula iVektha ejikelezayo yoMhlaba kwizinto ezithe tye nezithe nkqo. Icandelo elithe tyaba lihlala likhomba eMntla wenene. Isidingo sokubhekisela kwi-gyro isusiwe, eyandisa ukuchaneka. Ubude bomthombo womthombo kufuneka kwaziwe kuba iVektha yoMhlaba ijikeleza iya kwahluka njengoko isibanzi sitshintsha.

Ngexesha lokucwangcisa, izinga le-gyro lilinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukujikeleza koMhlaba ukuphelisa ukukhukuliseka okubangelwa kukujikeleza komhlaba. Olu phawu loyilo lwenza kube lula ukuvelisa iimpazamo xa kuthelekiswa ne-gyro eqhelekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-gyro yesiqhelo, umlinganiselo we-gyro awufuni ndawo yereferensi ukuze ibonwe, ngaloo ndlela isusa umthombo omnye onokubakho wempazamo. Amandla asebenza kwi-gyro alinganiswa ngayo, ngelixa amandla omxhuzulane alinganiswa nge-accelerometers. Ukufundwa okudibeneyo kwe-accelerometers kunye ne-gyro kuvumela ukubalwa kwe-inclination kunye ne-azimuth ye-wellbore.

Umlinganiselo we-gyro uya kulinganisa isantya se-angular ngokususwa kwe-angular. Umlinganiselo wokudibanisa i-gyro ubala i-integment ye-angular velocity (i-angular displacement) ngokuphuma kwe-angular displacement.

Iinguqulelo ezintsha ze-gyro zinokuphononongwa ngelixa uhamba, kodwa imida ikhona. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba bahlale behleli ukuze bafumane uphando. Ixesha lovavanyo lilonke linokuncitshiswa, nto leyo eyenza isixhobo singabizi kakhulu.

Ring Laser Gyro

I-laser gyro ye-ring (RLG) isebenzisa uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwe-gyro ukumisela indlela yomthombo. Isivamvo siquka i-laser gyros ene-ring ezintathu kunye ne-accelerometers ezintathu ezinertial-grade ezinyuselwe ukulinganisa i-X, Y, kunye ne-axs ye-Z. Ichaneke ngakumbi kunomlinganiselo okanye i-gyro efuna emantla. Isixhobo sophando akufuneki simiswe ukuze sithathe uphando, ngoko ke uphando lukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, i-diameter yangaphandle yeringi ye-laser gyro yi-5 1/4 intshi, okuthetha ukuba le gyro inokubaleka kuphela nge-7 ″ kunye ne-casing enkulu (jonga yethuuyilo lwebhokisiisikhokelo). Ayinakuqhutywa ngeumtya wokubhola, ngelixa isantya okanye i-gyro ekhangela emantla inokuqhutywa ngomtya wokubhobhoza okanye iintambo ezincinci zetyhubhu.

Amacandelo

Ngeyona ndlela ilula, i-laser gyro ye-ring iqulethe ibhloko ye-triangular yeglasi ekhutshwe kwiibhore ezintathu ze-laser ze-helium-neon ezinezibuko kwiindawo ze-120-degrees - iikona3. Imiqadi ye-laser ejikelezayo-enye ngasekunene kunye nenye i-counter-clockwise ihleli kule resonator. Ngexesha elithile, i-photosensor ibeka esweni imiqadi apho idibana khona. Ziya kuphazamisana ngendlela eyakhayo okanye eyonakalisayo, kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba elichanekileyo lomqadi ngamnye.

Ukuba i-RLG imile (ayijikelezi) malunga ne-axis yayo ephakathi, isigaba esihambelanayo semiqadi emibini sihlala sihlala sihlala, kwaye imveliso ye-detector iyahambelana. Ukuba i-RLG ijikelezwe malunga ne-axis yayo ephakathi, i-clockwise kunye ne-counter-clockwise imiqadi iya kufumana i-Doppler shifts echasayo; enye iya kunyuka rhoqo, kwaye enye iya kuncipha ngamaxesha. Isixhobo siyawuva umahluko ophindaphindwayo apho indawo echanekileyo ye-angular kunye nesantya sinokumiselwa khona. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yiIsiphumo seSagnac.

Into elinganiswayo sisidibanisi sesantya se-angular okanye i-engile ejikiweyo ukususela oko kwaqala ukubala. Isantya se-angular siya kuba siphuma kwi-beats frequency. Isixhobo sokujonga kabini (i-quadrature) singasetyenziselwa ukufumana indlela yokujikeleza.

Inertial yeBanga leGyro

Esona sixhobo sophando sichanekileyo kwintsimi yeoli nerhasi yi-inertial grade gyro, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba sisixhobo seFerranti. Yiyo yonke inkqubo yokukhangela njengoko ithathelwe kwitekhnoloji ye-aerospace. Ngenxa yokuchaneka okuphezulu kwale gyro, uninzi lwezixhobo zovavanyo zithelekiswa nayo ukufumanisa ukuchaneka kwazo. Isixhobo sisebenzisa i-gyros yezinga ezintathu kunye ne-accelerometers ezintathu ezifakwe kwiqonga elizinzile.

Inkqubo ilinganisa utshintsho kwicala leqonga (izixhobo zeqonga) kunye nomgama owuhambayo. Ayilinganisi kuphela ukutyekela kunye necala lequla kodwa ikwamisela ubunzulu. Ayisebenzisi ubunzulu bocingo. Nangona kunjalo, inomlinganiselo omkhulu ngakumbi we-intshi ye-OD eyi-10⅝. Ngenxa yoko, inokuqhutywa kuphela kwiisayizi ze-casing ye-13 3/8" nangaphezulu.

I-gyroscope inclinometer esuka kwi-Vigor ivavanywa kwifomu elula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye umthengi ufuna kuphela ukuyifaka kunye nokuyilungisa ngokwevidiyo ye-Vigor emva kokufumana iimpahla. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lwethu, isebe le-Vigor emva kokuthengisa liya kuphendula iiyure ezingama-24 ukukunceda ukuba ujongane nengxaki ngokukhawuleza, ukuba unomdla kwi-Vigor's gyroscope inclinometer, nceda unganqikazi ukudibana neqela leenjineli zeVigor ukuze ufumane uninzi. itekhnoloji yobuchwephesha kunye neyona nkonzo ikumgangatho ophezulu engenaxhala.

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, ungabhalela kwibhokisi yethu yeposiinfo@vigorpetroleum.com&marketing@vigordrilling.com