Izicelo zokuGcina iiCement kunye neNkqubo yokuSeta

Izicelo zokuGcina isamente

A. Imisebenzi yokuQinisa isamente

Izigcini zesamente zibalulekile kwinkqubo yokuqala yokufaka isamente ngexesha lolwakhiwo lwamaqula. Emva kokugrumba iqula, intsimbi yentsimbi ifakwa emngxunyeni ukunqanda ukudilika nokukhusela umthombo. Isithuba se-annular phakathi kwe-casing kunye ne-wellbore emva koko izaliswe nge-samente ukukhusela i-casing kwindawo kunye nokudala isitywina esithembekileyo. Izigcini zesamente zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba isamente ibekwe ngokuchanekileyo apho ifuneka khona, ukunqanda ukufuduka kolwelo phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zequla. Esi sicelo sibalulekile ekusekeni ukwahlukaniswa kwendawo kunye nokwandisa imfezeko kakuhle kwasekuqaleni.

B. Imisebenzi yoLungiso:

Kwiimeko apho iimeko zomthombo womthombo zitshintsha okanye imiba yokuhlukaniswa kwendawo ivela ngexesha lokuphila komthombo, izigcini zesamente zinokuqeshwa kwimisebenzi yokulungisa. Le misebenzi inokubandakanya ukulungiswa kwesingxobo sesamente, ukwahlukaniswa kwakhona kwemimandla ethile, okanye uhlengahlengiso kuyilo lokugqitywa. Izigcini zesamente ezisetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yokulungisa zifaka isandla ekugcineni okanye ekubuyiseleni imfezeko kakuhle, ukujongana nemingeni enokuthi ivele ngenxa yokutshintsha kwedama okanye iimfuno zokusebenza.

C. Wellbore Imfezeko kunye nemfezeko:

Ukusetyenziswa kukonke kwezigcini zesamente kusekelwe kwigalelo lazo kwimfezeko yomthombo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngokuthintela unxibelelwano lolwelo phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo, izigcini zesamente zikhusela ibhalansi yendalo yomthombo, zikhulisa imveliso, kwaye zithomalalise imingcipheko efana namanzi okanye irhasi. Ukuqinisekisa ukwahlukaniswa kwendawo ngokusetyenziswa kwezigcini zesamente kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpumelelo ezinzileyo kunye nokusebenza kwemithombo yeoli nerhasi kubo bonke ubomi babo bokusebenza.

D. Ukwahlulwa kweZona okuKhethekileyo:

Izigcini zesamente zikwafumana isicelo kwiimeko apho kufuneka ukwahlukaniswa kwendawo okukhethiweyo. Umzekelo, kwiqula elineezowuni ezininzi zokuvelisa, isigcini sesamente sinokubekwa ngobuchule ukwahlula indawo enye ngelixa sivumela imveliso eqhubekayo okanye inaliti kwenye. Olu khetho lukhethekileyo luvumela abaqhubi ukuba balawule amandla e-reservoir ngempumelelo ngakumbi kwaye balungelelanise imveliso kakuhle ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zokusebenza ezithile.

E. Igalelo kwiHydraulic Fracturing:

Kwimingxuma esebenza ngokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic fracturing, izigcini zesamente zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwahluleni amacandelo ahlukeneyo omthombo. Ngokubonelela ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo, baqinisekisa ukuba i-fracturing fluid ijoliswe ekubunjweni okujoliswe kuyo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokuqhawula kunye nokuphucula ukubuyiswa kwe-hydrocarbon.

F. Ukugqityezelwa ngesiXhobo soMthombo:

Ngethuba lokugqitywa kwemisebenzi, izigcini zesamente zingasetyenziselwa kunye nezixhobo zokuhlalisa ezifana nabapakishi. Le ndibaniselwano yongeza ukwahlukaniswa kwendawo ngokudala umqobo phakathi kwezinto ezigqityiweyo kunye nequla elijikelezileyo, igalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nozinzo.

Ngokwenyani, izigcini zesamente zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kuzo zonke izigaba zokwakhiwa kwequla, ukugqitywa kunye nokungenelela. Ukuguquguquka kwabo kunye nokusebenza kwabo kubenza babe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwizixhobo ze-oyile kunye neengcali zegesi, ezinegalelo kwimpumelelo yonke kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza kakuhle.

Inkqubo yokuSeta iziGcini zesamente

A. Baleka kwiTubhili okanye uMbhobho wokuBomba:

Izigcini zesamente zidla ngokufakwa kumthombo womthombo kusetyenziswa nokuba yityhubhu okanye umbhobho wokomba, ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo lwequla neemfuno zokusebenza. Ukhetho phakathi kwetyhubhu kunye nombhobho wokugrumba luphenjelelwa zizinto ezifana nobunzulu bequla, uhlobo lwesigcini sesamente esisetyenziswayo, kunye neenjongo ezithile zomsebenzi wokusamente okanye wokugqiba. Ukubaleka kwi-tubing kuvumela ukuguquguquka okungaphezulu malunga nohlengahlengiso olunzulu kunye nokungenelela komthombo, ngelixa ukuhanjiswa kombhobho we-drill kudla ngokusetyenziswa kumaqula anzulu okanye amaqula aneemeko ezinzima.

B. IiNdlela zokuSeta:

1. Ukuseta oomatshini:

Iindlela zokuseta oomatshini zibandakanya amacandelo afana neziliphu, izinja, okanye iiweji ezisebenzisana nequla okanye ukwakheka. Xa ivuliwe, ezi zixhobo zomatshini zibonelela nge-anchor ekhuselekileyo kunye nethembekileyo yokugcina i-samente. Ukusetwa koomatshini kwaziwa ngobulula kunye nokusebenza kwayo, nto leyo iyenza ibe lukhetho oluqhelekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zequla.

2. Ukusetwa kweHydraulic:

Iindlela zokuseta iHydraulic zisebenzisa uxinzelelo lolwelo ukwenza isigcini sesamente sisebenze kwaye sibeke kwindawo efunwayo. Ipiston esebenza ngoxinzelelo lwendalo okanye isixhobo esifana naso sinokusetyenziswa ukwandisa kunye nokumisa isixhobo. Ukusetwa kwe-Hydraulic kunika ulawulo oluchanekileyo malunga nenkqubo yokuthunyelwa, ukuvumela uhlengahlengiso olusekelwe kwiimeko ze-downhole. Le ndlela iluncedo kakhulu kumaqula anoxinzelelo olwahlukeneyo kunye neqondo lobushushu.

3. Ezinye iiNdlela zokuSeta:

Ubuchwephesha obutsha buqhubela phambili ukuqhubela phambili ekumiseleni iindlela. Abanye abagcini besamente banokusebenzisa i-electromagnetic okanye i-acoustic triggers, ukwandisa uluhlu lweenketho zokubeka kunye nokuseta isixhobo. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokusetha ethile kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neemeko zequla, uhlobo lokugcinwa kwesamente, kunye nomgangatho ofunekayo wokulawula ngexesha lofakelo.

Inkqubo yofakelo ibandakanya ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kwezi ndlela, ngenjongo yokufikelela kwindawo ekhuselekileyo nethembekileyo yokubekwa kwesigcini sesamente ngaphakathi komthombo. Indlela yokumisela ekhethiweyo inefuthe ekusebenzeni kwesixhobo ekudaleni umqobo kunye nokugcina ukwahlukaniswa kwendawo.

Impumelelo iyonke yenkqubo yofakelo ixhomekeke ekuqondeni okubanzi kokusingqongileyo komthombo, ukuthotyelwa kweendlela ezilungileyo, kunye nokukhethwa kweyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokusasazwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zokusebenza kwe-oyile kunye negesi yomthombo.

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