Ubwoko bwa Gyro Ubushakashatsi Ubwoko bwa Amavuta & Gazi

Gyro bisanzwe

Gyro isanzwe cyangwa gyro yubusa yabayeho kuva 1930. Irabona azimuth ya wellbore kuva kuzunguruka. Igena gusa icyerekezo cyiriba kandi ntigena impengamiro. Inguni ihindagurika iboneka hamwe na moteri yihuta. Filime ishingiye kuri firime imwe, ikoresha pendulum ihagaritswe hejuru yikarita ya compasse (ifatanye na axe yo hanze ya gimbal) kugirango ibone impengamiro. Gyro isanzwe ifite misa izunguruka mubisanzwe ihinduka 20.000 kugeza 40.000 rpm (bamwe bahinduka byihuse). Gyro izagumaho niba nta mbaraga zo hanze zibikoraho kandi misa ishyigikiwe na centre yacyo ya rukuruzi. Kubwamahirwe, ntibishoboka kugumisha misa kumurongo wacyo wa rukuruzi, kandi imbaraga zo hanze zikora kuri gyro. Kubwibyo, gyro izagenda hamwe nigihe.

Mubyukuri, niba gyro itangiye kuzunguruka kandi yerekanwe muburyo bwihariye, ntigomba guhindura icyerekezo mugihe runaka. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa mu mwobo, kandi nubwo urubanza ruhindukira, gyro irekuwe kwimuka, kandi iguma yerekana icyerekezo kimwe. Kubera ko icyerekezo gyro yerekaniraho kizwi, icyerekezo cyiriba gishobora kugenwa no gutandukanya icyerekezo cya gyro nicyerekezo cyurubanza rurimo gyro. Icyerekezo cya spin axis kigomba kumenyekana mbere yuko gyro ikorera mu mwobo. Ibi byitwa kwerekeza kuri gyro. Niba gyro itavuzwe neza, ubushakashatsi bwose burahari, igikoresho rero kigomba kwerekanwa muburyo bukwiye mbere yuko gikorerwa mu mwobo ku mariba ya peteroli na gaze.

Ibibi

Iyindi mbogamizi ya gyro isanzwe nuko izagendana nigihe, igatera amakosa muri azimuti yapimwe. Gyro izagenda bitewe na sisitemu ihungabana, kwambara, hamwe no kuzenguruka isi. Gyro irashobora kandi gutembera kubera ubusembwa muri gyro. Inenge irashobora gutera imbere mugihe cyo gukora cyangwa gutunganya gyro, kuko hagati yukuri ya misa ntabwo iri hagati ya spin axis. Gutwara ni bike kuriEkwateri y'isi no hejuru kurwego rwo hejuru hafi yinkingi. Mubisanzwe, giros zisanzwe ntizikoreshwa muburebure cyangwa hejuru ya 70 °. Igipimo gisanzwe cyo kugendana na gyro gakondo ni 0.5 ° kumunota. Kugaragara kugaragara guterwa no kuzenguruka kwisi gukosorwa ukoresheje imbaraga zidasanzwe kumpeta y'imbere. Imbaraga zikoreshwa ziterwa nuburinganire aho gyro izakoreshwa.

Kubera izo mpamvu, giros zose zisanzwe zizagenda zingana numubare wihariye. Drift irakurikiranwa igihe cyose gyro gakondo ikorwa, kandi ubushakashatsi bwahinduwe kuri iyo drift. Niba ibivugwa cyangwa drift bitishyuwe bihagije, amakuru yubushakashatsi yakusanyirijwe hamwe ntabwo aribyo.

Igipimo Kwishyira hamwe Cyangwa Gushakisha Amajyaruguru

Igipimo cyangwa gishakisha amajyaruguru cyashyizweho kugirango hirindwe ibitagenda neza bya gyro isanzwe. Igipimo cya gyro na gyro ishakisha amajyaruguru mubyukuri ibintu bimwe. Ni gyro ifite urwego rumwe gusa rwubwisanzure. Igipimo gihuza gyro gikoreshwa mukumenya amajyaruguru yukuri. Gyro ikemura isi izenguruka ibice bitambitse kandi bihagaritse. Ibice bitambitse buri gihe byerekana amajyaruguru yukuri. Gukenera kwerekeza kuri gyro byavanyweho, byongera ukuri. Ubunini bw'iriba bugomba kumenyekana kubera ko isi izenguruka isi izaba itandukanye uko uburebure butandukanye.

Mugihe cyo gushiraho, igipimo cya gyro gihita gipima kuzenguruka Isi kugirango ikureho umuvuduko uterwa no kuzenguruka isi. Ibishushanyo mbonera bituma bidashoboka kubyara amakosa ugereranije na gyro isanzwe. Bitandukanye na gyro gakondo, igipimo cya gyro ntigisaba ingingo yerekanwe kugirango igaragare, bityo ikureho isoko imwe yamakosa. Imbaraga zikora kuri gyro zapimwe nazo, mugihe imbaraga za rukuruzi zapimwe na moteri yihuta. Gusoma hamwe byihuta byihuta na gyro byemerera kubara impengamiro na azimuth ya wellbore.

Igipimo cya gyro kizapima umuvuduko wimpande zinyuze mu nguni. Igipimo gihuza gyro kibara intangarugero yumuvuduko wimpande (kwimura inguni) binyuze mubisohoka byimfuruka.

Imiterere mishya ya gyro irashobora gusuzumwa mugihe ugenda, ariko imipaka irahari. Ntibagomba kuguma bahagaze kugirango babone ubushakashatsi. Igihe cyose cyubushakashatsi kirashobora kugabanuka, bigatuma igikoresho kirushaho gukoresha amafaranga.

Impeta Laser Gyro

Impeta ya laser gyro (RLG) ikoresha ubundi bwoko bwa gyro kugirango umenye icyerekezo cyiriba. Rukuruzi rugizwe nimpeta eshatu za laser giros na bitatu byihuta-byihuta byihuta byapimwe kugirango bipime X, Y, na Z. Nukuri kurenza igipimo cyangwa gishakisha amajyaruguru. Igikoresho cyubushakashatsi ntigomba guhagarikwa kugirango gikore ubushakashatsi, bityo ubushakashatsi bwihuse. Nyamara, diameter yo hanze yimpeta laser gyro ni santimetero 5/4, bivuze ko iyi gyro ishobora gukora gusa muri 7 ″ kandi nini (reba ibyacuigishushanyo mboneraumuyobozi). Ntishobora gukoreshwa binyuze muriumugozi, mugihe igipimo cyangwa gishakisha amajyaruguru ya gyro irashobora gukoreshwa binyuze mumurongo wimyitozo cyangwa ntoya ya diameter ya tubing.

Ibigize

Mu buryo bworoshye cyane, impeta ya laser gyro igizwe na mpandeshatu ya kirahure yacukuwe kubutaka butatu bwa helium-neon laser ifite indorerwamo kuri dogere 120 - imfuruka3. Imirasire-izunguruka ya laser - imwe yisaha nindi irwanya isaha ibana muri iyi resonator. Igihe kimwe, fotosensor ikurikirana ibiti aho bihurira. Bazubaka cyangwa byubaka bivanga hagati yabo, bitewe nicyiciro nyacyo cya buri rumuri.

Niba RLG ihagaze (ntabwo izunguruka) yerekeranye na axe yo hagati, icyiciro kigereranyo cyibiti byombi gihoraho, kandi ibisohoka bya detector birahoraho. Niba RLG izengurutswe hafi ya axe yo hagati, imirongo yisaha nisaha yo kurwanya amasaha bizagerwaho no guhangana na Doppler; imwe iziyongera mubihe, indi izagabanuka mubihe. Deteter izumva itandukaniro ryumwanya uva aho inguni ihagaze neza n'umuvuduko. Ibi bizwi nkaIngaruka ya Sagnac.

Ikipimwa ni intangiriro yumuvuduko wimpande cyangwa inguni yahindutse kuva kubara byatangiye. Umuvuduko w'inguni uzaba inkomoko ya beat frequency. Ikibiri (quadrature) gishobora gukoreshwa kugirango kibone icyerekezo cyo kuzunguruka.

Inertial Grade Gyro

Igikoresho cyubushakashatsi nyacyo mubutaka bwa peteroli na gaze ni gyro yo mu rwego rwa inertial, bakunze kwita igikoresho cya Ferranti. Nibikorwa byose byo kugendana nkuko byakuwe mubuhanga bwikirere. Kubera ubunyangamugayo buhanitse bwiyi gyro, ibikoresho byinshi byubushakashatsi bigereranywa nayo kugirango hamenyekane ukuri kwabyo. Igikoresho gikoresha igipimo cya giros eshatu na moteri eshatu yihuta yashyizwe kumurongo uhamye.

Sisitemu ipima impinduka mu cyerekezo cya platifomu (urubuga) n'intera igenda. Ntabwo ipima gusa icyerekezo n'icyerekezo cy'iriba ahubwo inagena ubujyakuzimu. Ntabwo ikoresha ubujyakuzimu. Ariko, ifite ubunini bunini bwa 10⅝ inch ya OD. Nkigisubizo, irashobora gukoreshwa gusa mubunini bwa 13 3/8 ″ kandi binini.

Giroscope inclinometer ivuye muri Vigor igeragezwa muburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye gukoresha, kandi umukiriya akeneye gusa kuyishiraho no kuyikuramo ukurikije amashusho ya Vigor nyuma yo kwakira ibicuruzwa. Niba ukeneye ubufasha bwacu, ishami rya Vigor nyuma yo kugurisha naryo rizasubiza amasaha 24 kugirango rigufashe gukemura iki kibazo byihutirwa, niba ushimishijwe na incosometero ya giroscope ya Vigor, nyamuneka ntutindiganye kuvugana nitsinda rya injeniyeri ya Vigor kugirango ubone byinshi tekinoroji yumwuga hamwe na serivise nziza nziza-idafite serivisi nziza.

Kubindi bisobanuro, urashobora kwandika kuri agasanduku k'ipositainfo@vigorpetroleum.com&kwamamaza@vigordrilling.com